Latest Updates

Injuries to the Upper Urogenital Tract

    • Most grade III and IV injuries, including those with devitalized parenchymal fragments and urinary extravasation, are managed nonoperatively
    • Angioembolization of persistent or delayed kidney bleeding (pseudoaneurysm) obviates the need for exploration in a majority of cases
    • A high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose a ureteral injury to prevent late complications such as urinoma, sepsis, and nephrectomy

Breast Cancer

    • There has been much interest in the development of breast cancer prevention strategies. Pharmacologic approaches are the most developed at this time. The nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, a mainstay in the management of breast cancer, has also been tested as a chemopreventive agent. 
    • Screening strategies for breast cancer include the triad of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination by a health care professional, and screening mammography. Although widely touted as an important component of early detection, BSE is of uncertain value.
    • Increased understanding of growth pathways of breast cancer has led to the identification of crucial nonendocrine pathways that are potential targets for therapy. One such target is the HER-2 protein, a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancers, generally because of gene amplification. 

Overview of Substance Use Disorders

    • Discussion of the evolution of DSM substance use disorder diagnoses over time
    • Overview of the biological, environmental, and personal factors implicated in the development of substance use disorders
    • Critical reviews of the current diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of the major substances of misuse

Breast Cancer

    • There has been much interest in the development of breast cancer prevention strategies. Pharmacologic approaches are the most developed at this time. The nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, a mainstay in the management of breast cancer, has also been tested as a chemopreventive agent. 
    • Screening strategies for breast cancer include the triad of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination by a health care professional, and screening mammography. Although widely touted as an important component of early detection, BSE is of uncertain value.
    • Increased understanding of growth pathways of breast cancer has led to the identification of crucial nonendocrine pathways that are potential targets for therapy. One such target is the HER-2 protein, a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancers, generally because of gene amplification. 

Breast Cancer

    • There has been much interest in the development of breast cancer prevention strategies. Pharmacologic approaches are the most developed at this time. The nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) tamoxifen, a mainstay in the management of breast cancer, has also been tested as a chemopreventive agent. 
    • Screening strategies for breast cancer include the triad of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination by a health care professional, and screening mammography. Although widely touted as an important component of early detection, BSE is of uncertain value.
    • Increased understanding of growth pathways of breast cancer has led to the identification of crucial nonendocrine pathways that are potential targets for therapy. One such target is the HER-2 protein, a transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in about 20% of breast cancers, generally because of gene amplification. 

Overview of Substance Use Disorders

    • Discussion of the evolution of DSM substance use disorder diagnoses over time
    • Overview of the biological, environmental, and personal factors implicated in the development of substance use disorders
    • Critical reviews of the current diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of the major substances of misuse

Trauma to the Thoracic Aorta

    • BTAI is now the gold standard n treating patients with these problems
    • The grade of injury with these lesions has been defined and there is controversy on which lesion should be treated and how emergently
    • Recently in the US a device changed its IFU because of complications after TEVAR for BTAI. It was being used outside its IFU.
    • Recent advancement on sizing and device differences between BTAI and other pathologies treated with TEVAR

Portal Hypertension

    • Use of HVPG to accurately diagnose portal hypertension
    • Child-Pugh score and MELD score in risk stratification and decision-making
    • Fibroelastography, multidetecter row CT scan, and capsule endoscopy as emerging modalities in detection of varices.
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