Latest Updates

Medications and Botulinum Toxin for Overactive Bladder

    • Emerging role of beta agonist therapy for treatment of OAB
    • The pharmacologic use of onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox®) upgraded to strongest rating of “standard" (strength of evidence grade B) by the amended 2014 AUA/SUFU guidelines.
    • Studies reporting trigonal injections of Botox may be associated with superior continence rates

Neurogenic Bladder Dysfunction: Surgical Treatment

    • Surgery for neurogenic bladder aims to protect the upper urinary tract and optimize continence.
    • Major factors to consider are the injury level, gender, habitus, dexterity, and cognitive functions.
    • Surgical options for storage and emptying failure are discussed, including indication, technique, and complications.
    • New surgical technology and regenerative medicine are mentioned together.

Early Pregnancy Loss

    • Ultrasonography criteria for the diagnosis of early pregnancy loss have recently been redefined.
    • Medical and surgical management are safe and effective, and should be influenced largely by patient preference.
    • Recommendations regarding interval to next conception have recently shifted away from the traditional 3 months.

Antisocial Personality Disorder and Its Clinical Management

    • Follow-up studies have shown the continuity of antisocial behaviors from childhood through the adult years.
    • Research has implicated brain regions that control judgment and impulse control.
    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy may be helpful in mild cases.

Urinary Tract Infections 

    • Latest IDSA clinical practice guideline for management

Management of Depression, Part 1: Identification and Diagnosis

    • The two leading classification systems for diagnosing mental illness are the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association and the ICD-10, the most recent edition of the International Classification of Diseases published by the World Health Organization.
    • There is no standard medical workup for a patient presenting with depression. Health care providers use their clinical judgment in conjunction with a good history, review of medical systems, and physical examination. Indiscriminate ordering of laboratory tests in depressed patients rarely yields useful results. A pooled analysis of psychiatric inpatients showed the rates of clinically significant laboratory findings to be remarkably low.
    • Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) has been promoted by some as a reliable tool in diagnosing and treating a number of psychiatric disorders, including depression. SPECT measures regional cerebral blood flow using a gamma-emitting tracer in the blood.

Urinary Tract Infections 

    • Latest IDSA clinical practice guideline for management

Evaluation of Infertility

    • Zika virus:  Delayconception if potential exposure:  8 weeks: females or 3 months: males
    • Subclinical hypothyroid: Treatment is associated with improved pregnancy outcomes when TSH levels are above 4 mIU/L.
    • Tubal patency: Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography was recently introduced as an additional screening method to assess tubal patency.
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