- For children to be diagnosed with GD, they must meet at least six of eight criteria (for at least 6 months), one of them being a desire to be another gender or insistence that one is another gender
- Patients who do not meet the full criteria for GD (eg, if symptoms last < 6 months) may be given a diagnosis of “other specified gender dysphoria” or “unspecified gender dysphoria”
- Although the etiology of GD is not well understood, various psychosocial and biological theories have been proposed. One theory suggests that in utero exposure to steroid hormones plays a role in the masculinization or feminization of certain brain regions, such as the hypothalamus
Latest Updates
- For children to be diagnosed with GD, they must meet at least six of eight criteria (for at least 6 months), one of them being a desire to be another gender or insistence that one is another gender
- Patients who do not meet the full criteria for GD (eg, if symptoms last < 6 months) may be given a diagnosis of “other specified gender dysphoria” or “unspecified gender dysphoria”
- Although the etiology of GD is not well understood, various psychosocial and biological theories have been proposed. One theory suggests that in utero exposure to steroid hormones plays a role in the masculinization or feminization of certain brain regions, such as the hypothalamus
- Antecedents of dissociative amnesia range from massive psychological trauma to seemingly minor stressful life events.
- The memory impairment in dissociative amnesia is most frequently of a retrograde type and preponderantly circumscribed to the episodic-autobiographical memory domain.
- An abrupt loss of both memory for past experiences and personal identity is highly suggestive of the diagnosis of dissociative amnesia.
- Functional neuroimaging in dissociative amnesia often shows changes in brain areas involved in memory processing.
- Neuropsychological testing plays a key role in distinguishing between true and feigned amnesia.
- Antecedents of dissociative amnesia range from massive psychological trauma to seemingly minor stressful life events.
- The memory impairment in dissociative amnesia is most frequently of a retrograde type and preponderantly circumscribed to the episodic-autobiographical memory domain.
- An abrupt loss of both memory for past experiences and personal identity is highly suggestive of the diagnosis of dissociative amnesia.
- Functional neuroimaging in dissociative amnesia often shows changes in brain areas involved in memory processing.
- Neuropsychological testing plays a key role in distinguishing between true and feigned amnesia.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Is It Alternative or Mainstream for Managing Low Back Pain?
- Complementary and alternative medicine therapies are now an important part of the management of chronic low back pain in patients.
- Physical modalities such as yoga and tai chi aim for a mind-body connection effect to help treat chronic low back pain.
- Acupuncture has been shown in some medical studies to be of benefit with chronic pain when combined with conventional treatments.
- Herbal medicines are increasingly being used by patients to treat back pain. Regulation of this industry is required to ensure the safety and reliability of these agents.
- Medical marijuana is being advocated by many for chronic low back pain; at present, research is not conclusive on the benefit of this herbal. Further research is required prior to universal recommendation.
Renovascular Hypertension and Stenosis
- Clinical trials demonstrate renal artery stenting offers no benefit over medical therapy among patients with renal artery stenosis and hypertension or chronic kidney disease.
- Stenting should be reserved for patients who fail medical therapy.
- Optimizing outcomes for renal artery stenting requires an understanding of clinical predictors that portend a higher probability of improved blood pressure or renal function with stenting.
Renovascular Hypertension and Stenosis
- Clinical trials demonstrate renal artery stenting offers no benefit over medical therapy among patients with renal artery stenosis and hypertension or chronic kidney disease.
- Stenting should be reserved for patients who fail medical therapy.
- Optimizing outcomes for renal artery stenting requires an understanding of clinical predictors that portend a higher probability of improved blood pressure or renal function with stenting.
Management of Chronic Kidney Disease and its Complications
- 2024 KDIGO Practice Guidelines
- Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada
- Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder: Synopsis of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update.
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