Latest Updates

Scientific Foundations: Infection Control in Surgical Practice

    • For patients undergoing surgical procedures requiring the implantation of foreign bodies, colonization with MRSA should be assessed. Hospitalized hemodialysis patients and their health care workers are frequently colonized.
    • Updated CDC diagnostic criteria for surgical site infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, central line–associated bloodstream infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Although no single surveillance system captures all HAIs that occur within US acute care hospitals, recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates suggest that 648,000 patients experienced at least one HAI during their hospital stay in 2011. This represents 4.0% of the hospitalized population. Among surgical patients, the rate of reported HAIs is even higher at 10.6%

Scientific Foundations: Infection Control in Surgical Practice

    • For patients undergoing surgical procedures requiring the implantation of foreign bodies, colonization with MRSA should be assessed. Hospitalized hemodialysis patients and their health care workers are frequently colonized.
    • Updated CDC diagnostic criteria for surgical site infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, central line–associated bloodstream infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Although no single surveillance system captures all HAIs that occur within US acute care hospitals, recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates suggest that 648,000 patients experienced at least one HAI during their hospital stay in 2011. This represents 4.0% of the hospitalized population. Among surgical patients, the rate of reported HAIs is even higher at 10.6%

Sepsis and Infections: Infection Control in Surgical Practice 

    • For patients undergoing surgical procedures requiring the implantation of foreign bodies, colonization with MRSA should be assessed. Hospitalized hemodialysis patients and their health care workers are frequently colonized.
    • Updated CDC diagnostic criteria for surgical site infection, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, central line–associated bloodstream infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Although no single surveillance system captures all HAIs that occur within US acute care hospitals, recent Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates suggest that 648,000 patients experienced at least one HAI during their hospital stay in 2011. This represents 4.0% of the hospitalized population. Among surgical patients, the rate of reported HAIs is even higher at 10.6%

Contraception

    • Clinicians may often be able to initiate all types of contraception safely during a patient’s initial office visit, even outside the first week of menses.
    • The CDC issues guidelines to assist with choosing a suitable contraceptive method in the setting of coexisting medical problems.
    • Long-acting reversible contraception such as intrauterine devices and the subdermal contraceptive implant are highly effective and require little action on the user’s part. Clinicians should offer them as first-line options whenever possible.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

    • Imaging modalities in the assessment of NAFLD
    • Controlled attenuation parameter as a point of care measure for hepatic steatosis
    • Proton density fat fraction as MRI based measure for hepatic steatosis
    • Liver stiffness measurement on elastography as a correlate of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis
    • Active clinical trials in phase 2b and 3, yet no FDA approved therapy
    • Intense lifestyle changes with 5-10% weight loss can improve fibrosis and steatosis

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

    • Imaging modalities in the assessment of NAFLD
    • Controlled attenuation parameter as a point of care measure for hepatic steatosis
    • Proton density fat fraction as MRI based measure for hepatic steatosis
    • Liver stiffness measurement on elastography as a correlate of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis
    • Active clinical trials in phase 2b and 3, yet no FDA approved therapy
    • Intense lifestyle changes with 5-10% weight loss can improve fibrosis and steatosis

Pediatric Hematologic And Oncologic Emergencies

    • Rasburicase has been shown to be slightly more beneficial than allopurinol for pretreatment and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome.
    • Point-of-care ultrasonography is highly specific and sensitive for diagnosing acute chest syndrome in sickle cell patients.
    • Magnetic resonance imaging can be more sensitive to detect acute hemorrhages and infarcts in sickle cell patients.

Management of Nonthrombotic May-Thurner Syndrome

    • Early diagnosis of patients with MTS
    • Utilization of intraoperative intravascular ultrasonography in confirming the diagnosis and guiding treatment
    • Role of angioplasty stenting in treating MTS
    • Appropriate intervention for patients presenting with MTS associated with pelvic congestion syndrome
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