Latest Updates

The Pediatric Surgical Patient

    • Nasogastric tube feedings are often employed for the early stages of postoperative feeding in infants to ensure adequate nutrition. In general, feeding is begun after the resolution of postoperative ileus. Initially, small volumes of rehydration fluid are given orally or via a gastrostomy tube. If these are tolerated, the feedings are increased gradually until the nutritional goals are reached.
    • The laparoscopic approach for abdominal testes is safe and cost-effective; it allows for both localization and surgical treatment, minimizing the use of preoperative imaging for localization of the testicle. Orchiopexy is performed in one or two stages depending on the anatomic localization of the testicle and feasibility of mobilization of the spermatic vessels. Orchiectomy is indicated when an atrophic or hypoplastic testicle is encountered.
    • Babies with CDH require immediate resuscitation, correction of acidosis, and, in most cases, endotracheal intubation. Placement of an orogastric tube can help decompress the GI tract. Once the patient is relatively stable, surgical intervention should be delayed to allow time for the pulmonary hypertension to improve. 

Drug Allergies

    • Guideline for the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions 2015 S2K-Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) and the German Dermatological Society (DDG)
    • Some immunologic and clinical studies suggest that type-IV (T cell-mediated) and type-I (IgE-mediated) pathogenic mechanisms help in nonmediated and mediated reactions.

Drug Allergies

    • Guideline for the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions 2015 S2K-Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) and the German Dermatological Society (DDG)
    • Some immunologic and clinical studies suggest that type-IV (T cell-mediated) and type-I (IgE-mediated) pathogenic mechanisms help in nonmediated and mediated reactions.

Drug Allergies

James L Baldwin, MD, Aimee L. Speck, MD
    • Guideline for the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions 2015 S2K-Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) and the German Dermatological Society (DDG)
    • Some immunologic and clinical studies suggest that type-IV (T cell-mediated) and type-I (IgE-mediated) pathogenic mechanisms help in nonmediated and mediated reactions.

Drug Allergies

    • Guideline for the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions 2015 S2K-Guideline of the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) and the German Dermatological Society (DDG)
    • Some immunologic and clinical studies suggest that type-IV (T cell-mediated) and type-I (IgE-mediated) pathogenic mechanisms help in nonmediated and mediated reactions.

Body Contouring of the Trunk

Heather R. Faulkner, MD, MPH, FACS
    • Evidence-based guidelines for pre-operative/pre-procedure patient assessment.
    • Comprehensive review of non-operative and operative techniques for truncal body contouring.
    • Review of complications from body contouring of the trunk.

Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Mild Cognitive Impairment (Predementias)

    • One in seven Americans is above the age of 65, and in the next 40 years, that number is expected to jump to nearly one in four. Older adulthood is a period when many individuals begin to exhibit difficulties in cognitive functioning, especially with memory and performing activities of daily living.
    • With the introduction of the DSM-5, changes were made to the nomenclature of the NCDs, as highlighted here. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was replaced by the new term mild neurocognitive disorder. Dementia was replaced by the new term major neurocognitive disorder.
    • AD is the most prevalent variant of the major NCDs, comprising 60 to 80% of all cases. In addition to the NIA/AA and DSM-5 criteria for dementia or major NCD, patients with AD need to exhibit evidence of a causative genetic mutation from family history/genetic testing or present with all of the following: (1) clear evidence of decline in memory and learning and at least one other cognitive domain, (2) steady, progressive decline in cognition without extended plateaus, and (3) no evidence of mixed etiology.

Arterial Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

    • Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the least common form of TOS in adults.
    • Arterial TOS is usually a result of a bony anomaly causing compression of the subclavian artery at the scalene triangle.
    • Clinical presentation is similar to arterial insufficiency in any extremity.
    • Surgical treatment involves thromboembolectomy or thrombolysis depending on viability of the limb, arterial reconstruction, and first rib resection.
« Previous | Next »
Updates per yearSpecialty updatesNumber of sections